Publishers may use different style guides to format notes and bibliographies (see also the general information on notes). English-language papers and theses written for the Department of History and Art History at Utrecht University should follow the Chicago Manual of Style, 16th edition.

The following examples provide some sample documentary notes referencing different types of publications, and sample bibliographical entries. When in doubt, consult The Chicago Manual of Style (University of Chicago Press, 16th ed.). Other extremely useful resources include Purdue Online Writing Lab (CMS NB Sample Paper) and Kate L. Turabian’s A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations (8th edn). When formatting notes, pay special attention to the following:

• order of information (author, title, place, publisher, date of publication)
• capitalization in English titles
• commas, spaces, periods, colons
• italics, quotation marks, parentheses, brackets
• standard abbreviations like ‘Ed.’ ‘Eds’ (no period), ‘et al.’

Reference type

BOOKS:

1. Book with one author (monograph)
2. E-book (from library or webstore)
3. Book with two or three authors
4. Multivolume work
5. Volume in a series
6. Edited book (one or more editors/compilers)

ARTICLES:

7. Article/titled chapter in an edited book
8. Journal article
9. Article in a special issue of a journal
10. Article in periodical or other media
11. Online article (other than via JSTOR or the library’s electronic journal subscriptions)

OTHER SOURCES:

12. Collected works
13. Parliamentary proceedings
14. Unpublished material
15. Date or place of publication unknown

PRIMARY SOURCES AND AUDIOVISUAL MATERIALS:

16. Collections of sources
17. Source within a collection of sources
18. Archival sources
19. Audiovisual materials
20. For Ancient History primary sources use this separate  webpage with instructions.